Penerapan Teknik Deep Breathing Exercise terhadap Pola Nafas Tidak Efektif pada Pasien Paru Obstruktif Kronik di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive airflow obstruction that is not completely reversible. This condition often leads to nursing problems such as ineffective breathing patterns, marked by shortness of breath, increased breathing rate, use of accessory muscles, and decreased oxygen saturation. One non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be provided is Deep Breathing Exercise (DBE) to help improve ventilation and oxygenation. This study aims to describe the application of the DBE technique on ineffective breathing patterns in COPD patients in the Emergency Department. The study uses a qualitative descriptive design with a case study approach on a single COPD patient experiencing an acute exacerbation who had nursing problems related to ineffective breathing patterns. Data were collected through interviews, observations, physical examinations, as well as monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation before and after the i intervention. The interventions provided included oxygen therapy, semi-Fowler positioning, and DBE exercises as part of nursing care. The evaluation results showed an improvement in respiratory condition after 10 exercises, marked by a decrease in respiratory rate from 25 times/minute to 21 times/minute, an increase in oxygen saturation from 94% to 97% with 5 L/min nasal oxygen, reduced use of accessory breathing muscles, and a decrease in shortness of breath complaints. These findings indicate that DBE can improve lung ventilation and help meet the patient's oxygenation needs. It is concluded that implementing DBE is effective as a self-nursing intervention to improve ineffective breathing patterns in COPD patients, so it can be applied as part of non-pharmacological nursing care in the Emergency Department.